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Made for sharing. The book introduced the concept of layering. The method is this. For each software component, count the number of other components it relies on.
That is the metric of how complex the component is. Lakos contended a good software follows the shape of a pyramid; i. Put differently, a good software system consists of small, reusable building blocks, each carrying its own responsibility. In a good system, no cyclic dependencies between components are present and the whole system is a stack of layers of functionality, forming a pyramid.
Another major contribution was by Dr Robert Martin from Object Mentor, who wrote about dependecies and acyclic architectures. Among tools that help engineers deal with system architecture are Structure developed by Headway software, and SA4J developed by my former company, Information Laboratory, and now available from IBM. Naming conventions and basic templates are the most overlooked software patterns, yet probably the most powerful. Naming conventions enable software automation.
For example, Java Beans framework is based on a simple naming convention for getters and setters. And canonical URLs in del. Many social software utilise naming conventions in a similar way. For example, if your user name is johnsmith then likely your avatar is johnsmith. Naming conventions are also used in testing, for example JUnit automatically recognizes all the methods in the class that start with prefix test. Cold Fusion was one of the first to popularize templates for web applications.
PHP can be used as its own templating engine because it supports eval function be careful with security. From generation of HTML pages to sending standardized support emails, templates are an essential helper in any modern software system.
The most important concept in software is interface. Any good software is a model of a real or imaginary system. Understanding how to model the problem in terms of correct and simple interfaces is crucial. Lots of systems suffer from the extremes: clumped, lengthy code with little abstractions, or an overly designed system with unnecessary complexity and unused code.
Among the many books, Agile Programming by Dr Robert Martin stands out because of focus on modeling correct interfaces. In modeling, there are ways you can iterate towards the right solution.
Firstly , never add methods that might be useful in the future. Be minimalist, get away with as little as possible. Be willing to change things. Thirdly , be patient and enjoy the process. Ultimately you will arrive at a system that feels right. Modern software engineering is sophisticated and powerful, with decades of experience, millions of lines of supporting code and unprecidented access to cloud computing. Today, just a couple of smart people can create software that previously required the efforts of dozens of people.
But a good craftsman still needs to know what tools to use, when and why. In this post we discussed concepts that are indispensible for software engineers. And now tell us please what you would add to this list. Share with us what concepts you find indispensible in your daily software engineering journeys.
Relational Databases Relational Databases have recently been getting a bad name because they cannot scale well to support massive web services. Security With the rise of hacking and data sensitivity, the security is paramount. Cloud Computing In our recent post Reaching For The Sky Through Compute Clouds we talked about how commodity cloud computing is changing the way we deliver large-scale web applications.
Concurrency Concurrency is one topic engineers notoriously get wrong, and understandibly so, because the brain does juggle many things at a time and in schools linear thinking is emphasized.
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