In the Willamette Valley, the adoption of quinoa in cropping systems has been hampered by production, processing and marketing difficulties. To help address those challenges, Extension tested 17 quinoa varieties and four planting dates to identify the most suitable options for the region. Researchers also tested harvesting and processing methods. This handout summarizes the results from clubroot resistant brassica cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Napa cabbage, etc variety trials conducted in on farms in the Willamette Valley of Oregon as well as in greenhouse screening trials.
The resistance to white mold obtained so far in snap beans has been derived from NY , which provides partial physiological resistance. Cultivars with this form of resistance would not need any supplemental control with fungicides, whereas under heavy pressure, fungicides might be required, but at a reduced frequency or quantity. The objective of this study was to determine whether OR would benefit from an integrated mold control approach that included fungicides typically used in snap production, Topsin M and Rovral tankmixed.
Processors need broccoli with better quality traits than what is available in cultivars developed for California and Mexico fresh markets. Farmers need to reduce labor costs of broccoli production by mechanizing harvest. Of these, over million men and nearly million women were obese. The estimated global market for is over billion US dollars, as published by Market Research News. It also increased antioxidant enzymes. The study included 16 subjects eight males and eight females aged 22—46 mean Average body mass index BMI at the start of the study was The mean values for additional measures taken at baseline are listed in Table 1.
Subjects exhibited overweight preobesity levels, as indexed by BMI 25—30, with the average duration of prevalent BMI being Duration of prevalent BMI was determined by examining health records of each subject prior to the beginning of the study. No subject was on or had been recently on medications known to influence weight for the past 6 months. All subjects had similar diet and exercise profiles and diet was recorded before and at the end of the study see Table 3 for average diet information.
All subjects gave their written informed consent before beginning the study. Informed consent was of a standard format, as per Indian regulatory requirements governing research human subject research, which are consistent with the ethical principles put forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation. GCA contains a standard green coffee extract of total chlorogenic acids assayed at The total chlorogenic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acid content was The relevant polyphenols and caffeine assay was done by ChromaDex Analytical Irvine, CA using high-performance liquid chromatography and appropriate standards.
This study utilized two dosage levels of GCA, as well as a placebo. The high-dose condition was mg of GCA taken orally three times daily. The low-dose condition was mg of GCA taken orally twice daily. The placebo condition consisted of a mg inert capsule of an inactive substance taken orally three times daily.
The two dosages of GCA used here were based on previous experience using chlorogenic acids in a human study of the decrease in postprandial glucose. This was a randomized, double-blind, week study that implemented a crossover design to compare a low-dose green coffee extract, a high-dose green coffee extract, and a placebo. Subjects stayed on a treatment for a period of 6 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period, before the next treatment period began.
Subjects were examined at weeks 0, 6, 8, 14, 16, and 22 of the study. Subjects were examined individually at Trinity Hospital, Bangalore, India. During each visit, the following measurements were taken: body weight to nearest 0.
All subjects were counseled for diet and exercise compliance at every visit, with the initial interview to establish diet details at the start of the study done by the site nutritionist. Data gathered included daily calorie intake, nutrient composition, micronutrient intake, and incidence of binge eating see Table 3 for average diet intake information. The same procedure was repeated at the beginning of each cycle to reflect the diet during the previous cycle and subjects underwent pre- and post-assessment systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate measurements, at every visit.
Blood pressure was measured in the right forearm of the subject in a sitting position after a minute rest using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. The primary measures in this study were weight, BMI, and body fat percentage; however, heart rate and blood pressure taken at each visit were also analyzed. Statistical analyses were carried out with a repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc t -tests. For the time factor, the first evaluation within each treatment arm weeks 0, 8, 16 was considered a pretreatment evaluation, and the second evaluation within each treatment arm weeks 6, 14, 22 was a post-treatment evaluation.
Finding these interactions significant in the omnibus analysis of variance would validate the comparisons made between the beginning and end data. The statistical analyses report the test statistic P value.
From the mean data reported in Table 1 there were statistically significant reductions in weight, BMI, percent body fat, and heart rate after consuming GCA for two-thirds of the week crossover study, but there was no overall significant change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure.
The mean values on all measures at the beginning and end of each treatment arm high-dose, low-dose, placebo assessed for all 16 subjects, are displayed in Table 2. The data show a reduction in weight, BMI, and percent body fat in the high-dose and low-dose arms, but not the placebo arm, and a reduction in heart rate in the high-dose arm, but not the low-dose and placebo arms. Figure 1 shows the mean weight change across the week study for each of the three groups, and Figure 2 shows the mean change in BMI.
This can be seen in Table 2 , where there were improvements in weight, BMI, and percent body fat in the high-dose and low-dose arms, but not the placebo arm. For weight, the 2. For BMI, the 0. Groups similar at baseline? Similar follow-up of groups? Outcome assessor blinded?
Care provider blinded? Patients blinded? Attrition bias? ITT analysis? Table 2 Main results of included RCTs 1. Mean fat loss was 3. Abbreviation: PLA: placebo. Discussion The main purpose of this systematic paper was to assess the efficacy of GCE as a weight loss supplement.
Figure 2. Conflict of Interests I. References 1. The epidemiology of obesity. Chlorogenic acids from green coffee extract are highly bioavailable in humans. Journal of Nutrition. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Clifford MN. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates: nature, occurrence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Thom E. The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese people. Journal of International Medical Research. Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumulation and body weight gain in mice.
Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women. Hiltunen LA. Are there associations between coffee consumption and glucose tolerance in elderly subjects?
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Coffee, diabetes, and weight control. Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine.
The Lancet. Annals of Internal Medicine. The blood pressure-lowering effect and safety of chlorogenic acid from green coffee bean extract in essential hypertension.
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. Effect of a green decaffeinated coffee extract on glycemia: a pilot prospective clinical study.
If able, we will collect stool samples from patients prior to intervention and after intervention to evaluate the microbiome. Recruitment in the study would be for a total period of six months.
Interventions would be completed over a six month period. This allows us a total of 12 months for recruitment, intervention and data collection. Drug Information available for: Pectin. FDA Resources. Arms and Interventions. Liquid pectin will be provided in the daily diets of the patients enrolled for 3 months via gtube or oral means.
Outcome Measures. Will use postcards to characterize stooling consistency and amount of stool. Eligibility Criteria. Information from the National Library of Medicine Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision.
Contacts and Locations. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials. More Information.
Neonatal short bowel syndrome as a model of intestinal failure: physiological background for enteral feeding. Clin Nutr. Epub Sep Drenckpohl, D. Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure. Adv Pediatr. Clinical studies in persistent diarrhea: dietary management with green banana or pectin in Bangladeshi children. Nutr Clin Pract.
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